Topographic Analysis of HyFlex® Controlled Memory Nickel–Titanium Files

BACKGROUND The multiple uses of HyFlex(®) controlled memory (CM) rotary instruments (Coltene-Whaledent, Allstetten, Switzerland) have been recommended after sterilization. The purpose of this study was to analyze the surface defects on HyFlex(®) instruments after use and to determine their ability to return to their original shape after autoclaving. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four new HyFlex(®) files were scanned using micro-computed tomography before the initial use, after use until defects were visible and after autoclaving. Surface analysis was performed on each file to determine the changes in the files after deformation; defects were recorded as unwinding and curving. These changes were categorized according to the severity, and the initial and final scans of the files were superimposed to illustrate the recovery of the files to their original shape. The data were analyzed using Chi-square and t-test. RESULTS The t-test of Student's Newman-Keuls revealed a significant difference (P < 0.05) between unused and used files, almost all files exhibited visible defects without fractures, including unwinding and curving associated with unwinding. The most frequently observed defect was unwinding of the spirals (100%), whereas curving associated with unwinding was infrequently observed. A Chi-square test showed that the deformation (curve: P = 0.000, and unwinding: P = 0.011, incidence depended on the size of the files. The greatest frequency of curving occurred in the small files #20/0.04 and #20/0.06, the difference was statistically significant from all file sizes (P < 0.05). The majority of the files (79%) were able to restore the unwinding and regain their original shape after autoclaving. The highest rate of unrestored files was observed on #20/0.04 and #20/0.06 instruments, and the difference was statistically significant from all file sizes (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION HyFlex(®) CM nickel-titanium files appear to regain their original shape after sterilization.